RESEARCH OF THE PROCESS OF DRILLING HOLES IN PARTS MADE OF POLYMER CARBON PLASTIC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-7405.2025.103.03Keywords:
Composite materials, drilling, carbon fiber plastics, quality parameters, delamination, roughness, experimental researches, experimental setup, axial cutting force, optimization, modelingAbstract
The article presents analytical models for evaluating the process of drilling holes in parts made of fibrous composite materials by drilling, which is accompanied by unusual defects that are not typical for metal cutting, such as delamination, chips, hairiness, composite chipping, thermal destruction and uncut fibers around the drilled hole, as they affect the service life of composite details. The influence of processing conditions and modes (feed, spindle speed and drill tip angle) of carbon fiber on the drilling quality parameters (delamination coefficient and roughness of the machined surface) and axial cutting force is established. The delamination coefficient (Ksr) in composite materials was taken into account, for which the critical axial force was determined, the excess of which leads to delamination of the hole surface, by an indirect method - by measuring the axial force. Measurement of the axial force and determination of its parameters were performed using an experimental setup. The machining modes during experimental studies varied within the following limits: the number of revolutions n - from 1250 to 4000 rpm and the feed S - from 50 to 800 mm/min. Drilling was performed on a vertical milling machine with a CNC SMG-300 with a maximum spindle speed of 5000 rpm. carbide drills with a diameter of 5 mm SANDVIK class ISO K20. Analytical dependencies were constructed using modern methods of multivariate statistical analysis - by the method of group consideration of arguments for calculating the quality parameters of holes in composite materials from cutting modes: the number of revolutions of the drill n, the feed S and the angle φ at the tip of the drill. An optimization problem of nonlinear programming was solved where the material removal rate was chosen as the optimality criterion. The value of the optimal mode for drilling holes in carbon fiber with a carbide drill VK8 with a diameter of 5 mm with an angle at the edge 2φ = 100° (V = 2.83 m/min, S = 406.26 mm/min) was established, which ensures maximum hole processing performance. The results of the study are the practical importance for mechanical engineering and the aviation industry, as they allow to increase the stability and productivity of technological processes for manufacturing products from composite materials.
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