IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF TOOLS FOR TURNING HIGH-STRENGTH MATERIALS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-7405.2025.103.09Keywords:
heavy turning, high-strength steels, wheelsets, cutting tool, tool geometry, thermomechanical stresses, cutting temperature, wear, tool lifeAbstract
The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of heavy turning of high-strength steels used in structural components of defense and energy engineering, particularly in the tyres and rims of railway wheelsets. The aim of the work is to improve the efficiency of cutting tools by optimizing their geometry and cutting parameters based on the analysis of thermomechanical loading, the stress–strain state of the cutting wedge, and the regularities of tool wear development. The study includes modeling of temperature fields and contact stresses, analysis of the action of elementary force components on the rake and flank surfaces of the tool, as well as experimental determination of cutting forces, wear, and surface roughness during turning of steels with hardness of 2850–3600 MPa. The obtained results show that the geometry of the cutting part is a critical factor in ensuring tool stability: the use of a shortened rake face, strengthening chamfers, and a rational nose radius reduces contact stresses and local overheating in the tool-nose zone. Optimal cutting conditions (V = 45–55 m/min, s = 1.4–2.0 mm/rev, t = 6–8 mm) were established, ensuring minimal wear intensity and a stable chip-formation process. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of increasing tool life, machining accuracy, and technological reliability in the production of high-responsibility components from high-strength steels.
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